This reflection doesn’t line up naturally with others of the season, although I’ll hazard to say it’s not that far off course. After all, one of the themes of all of these essays is the human spirit and what it means to live lives of significance.
Ostensibly, I want to focus for a bit on Alexandr Solzhenitsyn, one of the giants of the 20th century. Although he died a decade or so ago, he is being memorialized in some quarters this week on the 100th anniversary of his birth for good reason, some of which I’ll get to and try to tie into the general themes of these pages.
Everyone who knows me, knows that I am a reader. Always have been. I guess by this time, I’ve read in the thousands of books, many of which are not particularly memorable while many others are. I would enjoy the exercise of trying to come up with a Top 10, although with a particular slant. I’ve read plenty of just plain great books, many of which are novels, some written by people with the most amazing literary gifts. I don’t consider myself a literary snob, finding some of the fawning done by arrogant reviewers to be pretty worthless. I can be immersed in a captivating story, transported by language and imagery as authors weave their magic, much as I am by music of a certain style and taste. But, I can separate really, really good books from a select few that have actually changed my life. It is to these that I owe special consideration. Not only can I pinpoint what it was that struck me so deeply at the time, I can trace how that experience was subsequently woven into my consciousness and shaped how I perceive so much about the human condition … politically, socially, culturally, economically, philosophically, spiritually.
The first was Les Miserables, written by Victor Hugo and published in 1862. Its unabridged version which I read in full in the eighth grade and that came to over 1000 pages, spoke deeply into my heart and mind in ways that helped me understand so much of what it means to be human, to struggle, to persevere, to live within a reality of both good and evil, and to know that there is so much more to being human that often meets the eye. Almost coincidentally, that year was 1968 and most of us of a certain age will remember how significant that year was in our history.
The second was John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath, published in 1939, receiving both the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize (one of his other great books that still sits on my shelf is East of Eden, for which he won the Nobel Prize in 1962). In Grapes of Wrath, which I read in the tenth grade, I lived the story of the plight of the poor in our country and came to know a degree of suffering that I was not currently enduring, thereby training my heart for deep compassion and my mind for purpose.
The third was Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s Crime and Punishment, published in 1866 and read during my senior year in high school. I grew up in a household devoid of religious practice and any discussion about God. We were largely political but not philosophical. Dostoyevsky opened up a window into the human soul for me, a window which later only expanded (albeit in a circuitous way at times) as I struggled alongside his protagonist, Raskolnikov, in a battle between Good and Evil, the nature of Free Will and the things that both restrict and liberate the human heart.
Each of these three stand out on their own but, collectively, helped mold me as a teen and pave the way into maturity. All dealt with conflict and mirrored the world that I was studying and actively engaged in as a young and idealistic man. They were also expressions of history, aligning with so many other books and sources I was consuming, setting a bedrock of values that meant I could not be a bystander in life. Such would not be an option.
Enter Solzhenitsyn, the famous Russian dissident, whose works exploded on the international scene in the 1960s and 1970s, rocking the world and further exposing the depths to which human beings could go to commit evil. But, they were not just about exposing the evils of totalitarianism. They were also about the nature of the human spirit, where that comes from, and its place is in this life.
I cannot pick a single book out as head and shoulders above the rest but group them together as the fourth major literary influence in my young life. Both novels and documentary, I can easily remember their titles: One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, The First Circle, August 1914, Cancer Ward and, most importantly, The Gulag Archipelago (three volumes for which he won the Nobel Prize in Literature).
The 20th century was witness to the most monstrous evil ever unleashed in the history of humanity. The scale of human destruction defies our sensibilities. We are well aware that violence has always been present in nearly every historical culture, sometimes in the most vicious of ways. What is truly worth noting, however, is that the violence of the last century was a direct byproduct of the quest of powerful societies to achieve utopian ideals. It was the most blatant example of how mankind can rationalize the most contemptible means in order to achieve a given end. And do so without blinking an eye.
Many tens of millions of innocent men, women and children were slaughtered, tortured, starved and forsaken to die early deaths in detention and “re-education” camps in order to feed the tyrannical natures of obsessed leaders. Entranced with the ideas that mankind could make perfect societies, men such as Josef Stalin, Adolph Hitler, Mao Zedung, Pol Pot and others whose names are both familiar and unfamiliar, set about the task of dehumanizing humans in order to create perfectible humanity.
Solzhenitsyn had a front row seat to much of this and his experience and commentary make him to be one of the greatest figures of the 20th century. I feel both blessed and cursed by my exposure to him. Reading Solzhenitsyn, there can be no innocence. There is no escape from the truths of his message. It condemns me to live in a world that is eternally broken, for, just because those men just mentioned are now dead and the horrors of those years are drifting into the pat, the exact same motivations and processes are fully alive today.
Which finally brings me to my point. I knew that Solzhenitsyn (like the formerly imprisoned Dostoyevsky before him) was a Christian, a faithful Russian Orthodox believer. I knew that it was his faith that provided him both the means to weather his years of Siberian imprisonment (the Gulag) in the most bitter of circumstances and the lens through which he made sense of it. But, I had either not known or forgotten the single reason he cited as the cause of these massive tragedies.
He said it was because man had forgotten God.
That’s it.
Oh, in his speeches and letters while in exile and later, after returning to Russia, he gave tremendous support for how and why mankind had forgotten God and what that meant, his conviction was rather simple, while also deeply profound.
Solzhenitsyn was a complicated man and not without his flaws. But, I am extremely grateful that I was exposed to his genius and his voice, crying in the wilderness that this is not what we were designed for.
For, indeed, just as a flower can bloom in the aftermath of devastation and we see the most remarkable examples of what is good about being human amidst unbelievable suffering, hope can flourish in unexpected places. For Solzhenitsyn to survive how he did and go on to electrify the world with his works, is a testimony to hope and how it can and should shape all aspects of our lives, regardless of what we face.
Oh sure, the counterargument will go, man has used God to rationalize enormous evil. Yes but what vision of God are we talking about?
For, the child who was born two millennia ago in a forsaken backwater region and who went on to become the most significant force in human history, is a God of both Love and Justice and is eternal, as are we. Everyone has a right to disbelieve that and there are many reasons why that can make sense.
In this time and place, I do not forget God and am grateful for that gift. I’m thankful for the influences in my life that have led me to this point. For Hugo’s depiction of the nature of Grace and Forgiveness. For Steinbeck’s depiction of what it means to be a human outcast. For Dostoyevsky’s depiction of the internal struggle inside each human being between good and evil. For Solzhenitsyn’s portrayal of the reality of human degradation in the cause of idealism and how hope can spring eternal.
And for Jesus who continues to reach out to our hearts and minds so that we can best navigate this life in a way that exemplifies what is best about being a human being.
Thank God.