For awhile now, I’ve put off writing about this subject and as I sit down, I’m not sure how it will turn out. Themes such as wonder, love and service or even grief and mortality are easier to tackle. Why is that? I suspect it’s because we recognize them fairly easily. On the other hand, to dive into justice and its somewhat distant cousin, mercy, makes us confront some things we don’t want to confront. The problem is not one of unfamiliarity. We have some innate sense of what justice and mercy mean. No, the problem is that we don’t want to give them some ultimate authority. We like them wrapped in neat boxes and on our terms.
Now, in a purely naturalist worldview, neither of these concepts makes any real sense. From the framework of natural selection, there is no justice and can be no mercy. These values are irrelevant in a survival of the fittest environment. Humans that try to impose these values from within this kind of worldview (because, after all, one thing humans do is to order our lives around values, unlike plants and other animals) do so as fabrications, like putting lipstick on a pig, so to speak.
For starters, let’s look at justice. This may take awhile, I’m guessing.
One way to begin is to think of justice as fairness. Who does not like fair? Everyone wants fair. Small children. Adults. Pre-modern indigenous peoples. Adolf Hitler, Stalin and Mao. Martin Luther King and Mahatma Gandhi. Husbands and wives. Some people want what’s fair for them, “My fair share of the pie!” Others want what’s fair for others. In other words, we all seek some kind of balance. “It’s only right!”
But, then, there’s the axiom: “Life’s not fair.” What’s up with that?
So, this is something we all want and need but it’s not available. This is one reason we don’t want to go deep. We hit a brick wall of frustration.
We resolve this frustration by trying to build all sorts of systems designed to balance the scales. The west has been particularly good at this with the development of protective laws and systems of morality and ethics by which we can enforce fairness … or justice. There’s a reason for this, of course.
We create rules and the means to enforce them, all in order to bring order. We bridle at those who take more than we think they should or get away with doing things they shouldn’t do. Most of us have a very developed sense of what we think fairness and justice really are. Let’s explore that.
I’m not a philosopher and lack the clarity of some really wise people. I’m a bit more of the seat of my pants thinker and observer, although I’ve read a fair share on this subject and have had more than a few discussions about it over the years. There are some things I can’t escape.
The first is that there has to be a metric or objective truth by which we determine what is fair or just. From now on, I’ll stick to using “justice” as the term, rather than fairness. Without an objective starting point, justice has no meaning. No one has the right to argue that this thing or that thing is just or unjust. It becomes a simple statement of, “this is how I feel, so that’s that.”
This same logic (of no objective measure) can easily result in this declaration: “There’s really nothing wrong with adults physically abusing very small children because it happens to give me pleasure and I value pleasure.” Sorry to be graphic. It would be a rare person who would not cry out for the hands of justice to be employed. Nearly all of us would exclaim, “this is simply wrong and it does not matter what that abuser thinks.”
You see, there’s something inside of us that cries out for wrongs to be righted. Some things are just plain wrong.
Whoa there. How can that be? As many would say, right and wrong are in the eye of the beholder. “What’s right for someone else is not necessarily right for me. What is acceptable in one culture but not mine does not mean that the practice is absolutely wrong.”
Is that true? Is it true that there are no absolute truths?
Stop.
Is it true that there are no absolute truths?
Can we not all see the fallacy!
Of course, it cannot be true that there are no absolute truths. The statement is self-contradictory.
Simply, there are absolute truths, whether we like it or not. I could go on and on about this but I want to move forward. (If someone wants me to write more about truth, I’ll be happy to try.)
If we are at a point where we can accept the concept of absolute truth (Remember, this is something akin to saying, “I’m sorry, it does not matter that you think it’s right, your actions are indefensible and are just plain wrong.” Think Hitler throwing millions into ovens because he thought Jews were the scourge of humanity and actually not human. If your first instinct is to go to a place that says, “You know he has a right to think that and, given power, to act on those principles. Who am I to say he’s wrong?” then you live in a world of complete relativity and should have no recourse to seek help against those who you see as having wronged you.) then we have to wonder what that metric (yardstick) is.
Which bring us to the concepts of right and wrong.
Right and wrong are judgments made by rational beings. But they are based on something deeper.
And, this is were it gets interesting and it’s also where many people just do not want to go.
It brings us back to choices. Door A opens to a path that says there is no absolute right or wrong. Everything is relative to circumstance. Slaughtering people in a crowded movie theater is no more wrong than pulling a weed out of a garden. We have a choice to go down that path. Make no mistake about it. There are many people who think there is no such thing as absolute right or wrong. They may like going part way down the path but don’t realize where it leads. Without going into too much detail, this is where Nietzsche and later Existentialist philosophers went. And they ended up in abject despair.
Then there’s Door B, which brings us along a path that says, “I guess there is such a thing as absolute right and wrong when you put it that way, but I don’t want to really think about where that comes from. It’s just too hard or uncomfortable.” Door B people get nervous around the nature of absolute justice, by the way.
Door C brings us to the point of being open to what lies behind our belief or feeling that there has to be some absolute right and wrong and that I want to know what that is. Pause to consider that.
Personal Detour
For as long as I can remember, I’ve had a deep and abiding sense in the concept of justice. It’s never fully left me, although I admit it’s become very cloudy at times, especially when I went through a phase more akin to moral relativism, which is the temptation of Door A people and, to some extent, Door B people.
I’ve always tended to feel things strongly and to look at things very carefully. Unfortunately, as a Door B person for a long time, I was unaware of the consequences of some decisions and behaviors as I did not see them for what they were, against a clearly objective measure.
As I’ve said openly for the past ten years, I lacked a moral compass that was set on True North.
And, then, Door B did not work anymore. At the risk of being dramatic, the world came crashing in. On the one hand, I was cursed with a mind that searched for meaning and that a passive life is not a good life. On the other hand, I was blessed because, at the moment of the crash, Door C opened.
It was there, that I came face to face with the basis for right and wrong. I came fairly quickly to the conclusion that right and wrong has to spring from the conflict between good and evil.
Back on Track
I’ll say it again, a belief that there are such things as absolute right and wrong has to come from a basis in the conflict between good and evil.
Whoa. Stop the presses. Some people who are unsatisfied with the Door B path and retrace in order to go down the Door C path will stop right here. And, this is one reason I’ve waited to broach the subject. It’s because our modern sensibilities seem to be ok with “good,” “bad,” “right,” and “wrong,” but bridle at the concept of evil.
You see, evil is sinister and personal. It suggests a quality in reality that is so bad and so dark that no light issues forth. It sucks life and destroys that which we see as good.
Absolute good is born of the wellspring of love.
Absolute bad is born of the wellspring of evil.
The opposite of love is not hate. To me, evil is the opposite of love, not hate. This is a big deal, in my opinion. We can love and hate at the same time. (I actually don’t like using the word hate because it’s so loaded. I’ll substitute “abhor.”) For instance, we can have hearts full of love and abhor terrible injustice. There is no conflict between those things. I’d posit that, if we truly love, we can also abhor or be disgusted at the opposite of love. And, the opposite of love is evil. The key here, without going way off track, is that love always triumphs over evil and that we do not let that part of us which hates or abhors diminish our love.
To understand justice is to understand the sources of good, bad, right, wrong, love and evil.
This is what happens when Door A or Door B people come up short. And, this is where the path forward through Door C leads.
I’ve seen evil. Up close and personal. Also, you can’t read history or watch the news with an open mind and not see evil. Terrible and atrocious acts carried out by humans and justified by all sorts of means. Calculated attempts to slaughter and destroy other people, not even for political or financial gain but because the acts gave pleasure.
Door C people seek the source of good, right and love. Many call that source God. Door C people must also confront the source of evil.
This is not easy, nor is it popular. Our culture drowns in the portrayal of evil acts and evil behavior and we are desensitized to it. Some see these acts and behaviors as fantasy and tempting. They and we can become inured. And, in that inurement, we lose our ground for justice, the very justice that is hardwired into us.
This is one of the great tragedies of our time and in our lives. We can become blind to evil and even twist it in our minds to either say it’s really not evil or that there is no such things as evil.
And, with that, justice erodes. Black become white and white becomes black. We doubt good and champion bad. We try to compartmentalize this to media … games, films, etc… But, it wears us down. Our hearts begin to close off to the light. We doubt the light. And, as we doubt the light, we lose track of love. Pleasure or its spiritual twin, self-realization, build a stronghold. Neither pleasure nor self-realization have room for justice. We are reduced to non-sentient animals. We are left with two new choices: Either I am my own God or God does not exist, only the void.
Either way, what happens does not really matter. There are no scales. No justice. No judgment. That is all illusion. If we do not accept the fact that evil is a thing that must be acknowledged and confronted, we are left on quicksand, although we desperately try to escape it. Or, we are ostriches with our heads in the sand … “see no evil.”
Wow. Now that’s depressing!!
Let’s just plain admit it. There are people who commit evil acts. Come on now. Can’t we do that? Of course. So, are there evil people?
I’ll dodge that question for the moment, but we can at least agree that there are people whose hearts and minds are driven by impulses that make them do evil things. Where do those come from?
And, what do we do with them? I don’t mean what happens to them in games or in movies and TV. I mean what do we want to happen to them in real life … as when they do something horrific to someone we love? Of course, we want justice! We want justice because we recognize evil and we know that it is bad and wrong.
So, what is justice, really?
It’s righting a wrong. It’s paying the cost. It’s actually doing something to equalize the imbalance. Hence, the scales of justice.
We all want this. We just struggle at what it looks like in practice. How can every act of evil be brought to justice, which is only right? How can the debt created by evil and injustice be paid? Is there such a thing as a cosmic scale?
To the last question, Door A people would say that’s ridiculous. Wishful thinking. Since there are no such things as absolute good, bad, right, wrong, evil (and love for that matter!), then there is no cosmic justice. Dust to dust. Meaningless before, meaningless now, meaningless after.
If this is not confusing enough, let me say this:
Door A leads ultimately to no absolute truth, which means our lives have no absolute meaning. We are particles in a great cosmic mixture of coalescing atoms. Period. No soul. No hereafter. No supernatural reality. Most people bridle at this to the consternation of atheists who must grapple with the problem that their lives don’t really matter in any way other than to maybe procreate. So, those that bridle look at Door B and live in a kind of tension where there is a right and wrong but they can’t put their finger on it. So, some Door B people keep pushing and see Door C and decide to check it out. Well, Door C opens up a path that makes some sense until we come face to face with the problem of evil. We have a choice here. We can explore where this leads or retrace our steps. All the way back. All the way back to Door A. I honestly cannot find a satisfactory middle ground. I know. I tried for decades. C.S. Lewis tried. Many others have tried.
I ended up with two choices. Meaningless or Fully Meaningful. Again, there was no middle ground.
Actually, I ended up with three choices. (1) Either it is important to consider this stuff or not. (2) If I believe it’s important to think about and live out a life that looks at good, bad, right and wrong, then I have to choose a path that makes sense. Otherwise, I’m just a simply passive human being, wandering. Or, (3) I must choose between meaning and meaningless. There is no middle ground.
Heavy stuff. Maybe some of you reading this disagree and that’s fine. As I said before, I’m not a trained philosopher, nor am I exceedingly wise. However, this is the place I have arrived and I invite you to engage the topic.
I’ll pause for now and pick things up soon.
Lord, this is tough stuff. We want things to be neat and to make sense. It’s hard to pull up the rug and wait to see what crawls out. We live in an age where there is unbelievable deprivation and violence, yet there is bountiful good and where we are tugged by hope. Help us to go to difficult places in order to better understand our lives and how to live them out. Thank you for the gift of wisdom in order to discern things when there used to be fog. We ask for strength to follow through with the intentions that are placed on our hearts and minds, once we discern. Amen.